How to start SQL server or check whether SQL server installed or not

How to install, this is what has given in Microsoft site
https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms190699.aspx

To start the default instance of SQL Server

1. On the Start menu, point to All Programs, point to Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2, point to Configuration Tools, and then click SQL Server Configuration Manager.
2. In SQL Server Configuration Manager, in the left pane, click SQL Server Services.
3. In the details pane, right-click SQL Server (MSSQLServer), and then click Start.
   A green arrow on the icon next to the server name and on the toolbar indicates that the server started successfully.
4. Click OK to close SQL Server Configuration Manager.

To start a named instance of SQL Server

1. On the Start menu, point to All Programs, point to Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2, point to Configuration Tools, and then click SQL Server Configuration Manager.
2. In SQL Server Configuration Manager, in the left pane, click SQL Server.
3. In the details pane, right-click the named instance of SQL Server, and then click Start.
   A green arrow on the icon next to the server name and on the toolbar indicates that the server started successfully.
4. Click OK to close SQL Server Configuration Manager.

To start an instance of SQL Server with startup options

1. On the Start menu, point to All Programs, point to Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2, point to Configuration Tools, and then click SQL Server Configuration Manager.
2. In SQL Server Configuration Manager, in the left pane, click SQL Server.
3. In the details pane, right-click the instance of SQL Server, and then click Properties.
4. In the SQL Server (<instancename>) Properties dialog box, click the Advanced tab, and then click Startup Parameters.
5. At the end of the original text, in the Value column, type the startup parameters you want, and then click OK. Separate parameters with a semi-colon, for example, –c;-m.
6. Stop and restart SQL Server for the parameters to take effect.

To check whether SQL server installed ?

1. check SQL Server Configuration Manager. You can use the Search and type "SQL Server configuration Manager"

2. If it is not installed , you will probably won't find this. might get a screen like this.



3. If you have , you will see the results

4. click it. you will see the SQL server instance running.

Permission denied in accessing file system in Linux/Unix

Have you ever experienced this message "Permission denied" when trying to access a file system in Unix/linux.


I have created lower level user eg: noci and I have given full permission to read the folder structure

eg :
drwxr-xr-- 11 root root 4096 Aug  4 13:23 Folder

folder owner is root, but i have given read access to all as you can see.

But when tried to access folder it gives me " Permission denied"  message.


Solution:
Give the execution permission. Without execution permission user cannot go inside folder structure.